How do iberian lynx reproduce

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Another factor that probably allowed the expression of the plasticity of the species was the reduction in mortality rates. Based on this scenario, we believe that the real importance, for the Iberian lynx, of both scrubland coverage and potential den availability should be re-assessed, considering the current situation of the species. Olive groves are probably a suboptimal habitat that was occupied after the preferred habitat was full.

However, data presented in this study suggest that if such locations hold high wild rabbit abundance and a small availability of refuge, they can become a breeding habitat. Thus, minimal management intended to permit the establishment of small shrub patches in the olive groves or other kinds of agricultural land would increase the potential distribution of the Iberian lynx. Some of the favored actions include enhancing river vegetation, island forests, hedges, and construction of rabbit burrowings.

These actions, however, are voluntary for the land owners. Hence, if management policies guarantee the existence of minimal shrub coverage in agricultural areas, the Iberian lynx population would benefit. Given the current scarcity of wild rabbits in most of the Iberian habitats Delibes-Mateos et al. Thus, groves similar to those in our study area could act both as buffer areas when rabbit populations drop nearby and as corridors connecting different Iberian lynx population nuclei.

In conclusion, we believe that our results bring hope to Iberian lynx conservation, since they open the door to new conservation strategies where habitat quality must be evaluated more accurately. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that significantly improved the initial manuscript. Calvete, C.

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Engleder, C. Groff, K. Holmala, B. Hoxha, Y. Iliopoulos, O. Ionescu, J. Jerina, G. Kluth, F. Knauer, I. Kojola, I. Kos, M. Krofel, J. Kubala, S. Kunovac, J. Kusak, M. Kutal, O. Liberg, A. Manz, E. Marboutin, F. Marucco, D. Melovski, K. Mersini, Y.

Mertzanis, R. Mothers nurse their kittens for about 5 months. When they no longer drink milk, the kittens live on a diet of meat. Mothers may teach their young how to hunt for meat. Sometimes, two lynx may cooperate in catching a prey animal. In the wild, lynx have lived as long as In captivity, lifespans of Lynx prefer to be alone, and only spend time with other adults during breeding season. Females sometimes share parts of their home range with other females.

Males may share their range with one or more females and their young, but males never share their space with other males. Ranges vary in size from 11 to square kilometers. Lynx use their vision to hunt, but are helped in this activity by excellent hearing. Lynx usually sneak up on prey to within a few short bounds, and then pounce. Females and young sometimes hunt together. They move through open areas in a line. One lynx scares the prey, and another lynx in the line kills it.

This may be how the mother teaches her young to hunt. Lynx are only active at night. During the day, they stay in rough nests under rock ledges, fallen trees, or shrubs. Lynx use their eyes, ears and noses in communicating. They also use their voices, and can make calls to one another. Touching may happen in mating and between a mother and her kittens.

Canadian lynx only eat meat. Snowshoe hares are a very important food for these cats, and when there are fewer hares to eat, the number of lynx decreases. In some areas, such as Cape Breton Island, lynx eat only hares, but in other areas they also feast on rodents, birds and fish. If they can find a deer that is very weak or sick, lynx will kill and eat it. Besides focusing on reproduction biology, the IZW supports the return of Eurasian lynxes to Germany also through other projects D ept EvolGen , Dept EvolDyn and performs comparative studies between two sister taxa, the Eurasian and the genetically impoverished Iberian lynx, by investigating the impact of the immune status Dept WildlDis.

Within this long-term project we consequently investigated different facets of lynx biology. Here we present the most recent aspects of our research on reproduction biology:. We not only successfully established a new method for non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis in lynxes and other feline species and validated an assay for faecal glucocorticoid determination in lynxes but also elucidated a unique reproductive peculiarity of lynxes in comparison to other felids. Lynxes show the reproductive peculiarity of persistent corpora lutea CL.

We comprehensively characterized l ynx CL in comparison to cat CL with the aim to use this knowledge for estrous management of Iberian lynx and other feline species. Molecular expression patterns were compared between persistent lynx CL and life cycle stages of CL from domestic cat to identify factors which are responsible for CL persistency.